Which of the following is a sign of fluid excess in dialysis patients?

Shortness of breath is a significant sign of fluid excess in dialysis patients. When there is an accumulation of fluid in the body, it can lead to pulmonary congestion, which means fluid builds up in the lungs. This results in difficulty breathing, often referred to as dyspnea or shortness of breath. In dialysis patients, managing fluid levels is essential because they cannot excrete excess fluid through the kidneys. Monitoring for symptoms like shortness of breath is crucial for timely intervention and effective treatment.

Persistent nausea may occur in dialysis patients but is more often related to other factors such as toxin buildup, gastrointestinal issues, or medication side effects rather than directly indicating fluid overload. Weight loss typically suggests fluid deficit or malnutrition rather than fluid excess. Increased urine output would indicate effective kidney function, which is not usually the case in patients who require dialysis; hence, it would not be associated with fluid overload.